Siberian Federal University

This study examined the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical constituents of Gossypium arboreum L. (G. arboreum) leaf and seed extracts and their effects on phytochemical levels, in vitro antioxidant activities, and antimicrobial properties using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol solvent. GC–MS analysis identified G. arboreum leaf and seed extract constituents, DPPH assays assessed antioxidant potential, and solid agar medium diffusion assessed antimicrobial activity. This study compares phytochemical and biological properties of G. arboreum leaf and seed extracts from different solvents. Leaf extracts had more flavonoids and tannins than seeds, but both had many secondary metabolites. The distribution of bioactive substances such as gossypol, quercetin, proanthocyanidins, linoleic acid, and α-tocopherol varied by solvent when measured using GC–MS. This phytochemical is biologically active. In DPPH tests, seed extracts performed worse than leaf. The n-butanol leaf extract had the highest activity (IC 50 ~1.20 μg AAE/mL) due to its high condensed tannin and ellagic acid concentration, followed by the ethyl acetate fraction. This structure-activity relationship shows polyphenols’ antioxidant power. Significant strain- dependent antibacterial assays inhibited S. aureus and E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts were broad-spectrum due to flavonoids and gossy. All extracts were inactive against C. albicans