Siberian Federal University

The results of the study of carbon nanomaterials (CNM) synthesized by carbonation of lignocellulose biomass under conditions of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) are presented. For the first time, it was proposed to use stems of Sosnovsky hogweed for the production of CNM. The influence of the choice of raw materials and synthesis conditions on the sorption characteristics of the samples was evaluated. It is shown that as a result of carbonization of biopolymers under the conditions of the SHS process, a cardinal transformation of the initial matter occurs, as evidenced by the results of chemical analysis and data obtained by scanning electron microscopy. By the method of low- temperature nitrogen adsorption, the fact of the formation of a developed surface-porous structure, with a specific area two orders of magnitude larger than the surface area of the initial plant biomass, has been established. The main regularities of the processes of adsorption from aqueous media with a low concentration (0.625 μg/ml) of uranium were established. It was found that carbon nanomaterials samples are characterized by a strong retention of U(VI), a significant amount of which (67–70 %) is not desorbed either by water or aqueous solutions of CH3COONH4 and HCI (1 M). The relationship between the parameters of the surface-porous structure and adsorption-desorption indicators has been established. The obtained results indicated a high innovative potential of CNM